Inter
Sphinx of black quartz, judge my vow
The typeface Apple has shipped as its system font since 2015, on every iPhone and every Mac.
It is really two designs — a text cut and a display cut that the system swaps between by size. A single-optical-size substitute will look loose at 48px or tight at 12px, and there is no setting that fixes both.
One entry, because one is the honest answer. A face is listed here only if the substitution would survive a designer looking at both.
Sphinx of black quartz, judge my vow